{"id":69,"date":"2024-12-05T20:02:09","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T20:02:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/barska.vn\/?p=69"},"modified":"2024-12-05T20:02:09","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T20:02:09","slug":"kinh-thien-van-khuc-xa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/barska.vn\/index.php\/2024\/12\/05\/kinh-thien-van-khuc-xa\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00ednh Thi\u00ean V\u0103n Kh\u00fac X\u1ea1"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh, b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u k\u00ednh kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh t\u1ed1t, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng “x\u00e1ch l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111i” ng\u1eafm tr\u0103ng sao.<\/strong><\/p>

Kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ebb cong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n kh\u00fac x\u1ea1<\/a><\/strong><\/em> b\u1ebb cong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c tinh x\u1ea3o. N\u1ebfu m\u1eb7t th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb k\u00ednh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed “\u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u00eau c\u1ef1”, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>

Nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c m\u1eaft k\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan Hans Lipperhey t\u1ea1o ra chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng<\/a><\/strong><\/em> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh kh\u00fac x\u1ea1) n\u0103m 1608. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 “m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1edf xa nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang \u0111ang \u1edf ngay c\u1ea1nh”. Chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh n\u00e0y ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00ean 3 l\u1ea7n. Nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd Galileo Galilei l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ho\u00e1 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/p>

\"\"\/<\/figure>

Hai t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y khi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 “ti\u00eau s\u1eafc” (achromat) v\u00e0 “v\u00f4 s\u1eafc” (apochromat). M\u1ed7i t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i k\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau. Ti\u00eau s\u1eafc c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc”. M\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c mang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ea3i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>

C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh v\u00f4 s\u1eafc c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh, v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi h\u01a1n c\u1ea3.<\/p>

V\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 60, c\u00e1c k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng theo s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1n ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Sau \u0111\u00f3, khi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng k\u00ednh kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh doanh k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n thi\u00ean v\u0103n kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m khi mu\u1ed1n mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n.<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3i chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c m\u1eabu k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n nh\u1ecf tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 mang n\u00f3 \u0111i du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c quan s\u00e1t y\u00eau th\u00edch, m\u00e0 ch\u00f2n gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n tring s\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1eddn cho m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i quan s\u00e1t nhanh M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng hay Sao M\u1ed9c.<\/p>

\"\"\/<\/figure>

Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m v\u1edbi k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n kh\u00fac x\u1ea1<\/p>